Body Image Distortion and Dissatisfaction in a Mexican sample
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/rpcc.20181207-75Keywords:
body image, distortion, dissatisfaction, body mass index, body silhouettesAbstract
The present study analyzes the relationship between body image satisfaction and distortion with the body mass index (BMI). Participants were 540 students from different schools of middle and higher level from Monterrey, Mexico; age ranked from 16 to 25 years. The anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI) were evaluated and later the participants completed the Figure Rating Scale, where they reported the self-perception of their current body image and their ideal body image. The results show difference between the real and ideal body image, and between the real body image and the BMI group. It also reveals that the higher the BMI the greater distortion in the body image, moreover women show the greatest dissatisfaction with their body image. In conclusion, dissatisfaction and distortion in the perception of body image is present in people living with overweight and obesity, but men and women face this phenomenon in a different form. Mental and health professionals can take advantage of this discomfort when implementing strategies to control obesity, while working in building a healthy and realistic body image.
References
Acosta, M.V., & Gómez, G. (2003). Insatisfacción corporal y seguimiento de dieta: una comparación transcultural entre adolescentes de España y México. International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology, 3(1), 9-21.
Aguado, J. C. 2004. Cuerpo humano e imagen corporal. México: Facultad de Medicina UNAM-IIA.
American Psychological Association (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57 (12), 1060-1073. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.57.12.1060
Bhuiyan, A. R., Gustat, J., Srinivasan, S. R., & Berenson, G. S. (2003). Differences in body shape representations among young adults from a biracial (black-white), semirural community: The Bogalusa Heart Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158 (8), 792-797. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwg218
Bobadilla, S., & López, A. (2014). Distorsión de imagen corporal percibida e imaginada. Un posible factor para la obesidad y el sobrepeso en mexicanos. Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 52(4), 408-414.
Bunnell, D.W., Cooper, P.J., Hertz, S., & Shenker, I.R. (1992). Body shape concerns among adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11(1), 79-83. doi:10.1002/1098-108X(199201)11:1<79::AID-EAT2260110111>3.0.CO;2-V
Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., Coutinho, S. R., Vieira, P. N., Minderico, C. S., … Teixeira, P. J. (2012). Physical activity predicts changes in body image during obesity treatment in women. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 44(8), 1604-1612. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824d922a
Choi, E., & Choi, I. (2016). The associations between body dissatisfaction, body figure, self-esteem, and depressed mood in adolescents in the United States and Korea: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 249-259. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.007
Cortés, G., Vallejo, N.L., Pérez, D., & Ortiz, L. (2009). Utilidad de siluetas corporales en la evaluación del estado nutricional en escolares y adolescentes de la Ciudad de México. Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 66 (6), 511-521.
Díaz, J., & Blanquez, M.P. (2001). Corporalidad y síntomas depresivos en adolescentes. Revista Psiquiatría y Psicología del Niño y Adolescente, 1(3), 16-25.
Easton, J.A., Stephens, C.R., & Sicilia, H.R. (2017). An analysis of real, self-perceived, and desired BMI: is there a need for regular screening to correct misperceptions and motivate weight reduction? Front. Public Health, 5(12), 1-8. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00012
Fitzsimmons, E. (2011). Social psychological theories of disordered eating in college women: review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), 1224-1237. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.011
Fitzsimmons, E.E., Harney, M.B., Koethler, L.G., Danzi, L.E., Riddell, M.K., & Bardone, A.M. (2012). Explaining the relation between thin ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction among college women: The roles of social comparison and body surveillance. Body Image, 9(1), 40-49. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.09.002
Flynn, K.J., & Fitzgibbon, M. (1998). Body images and obesity risk among black females: a review of the literature. Annual Behavioral Medicine, 20(1), 13-24. doi: 10.1007/BF02893804
Gardner, R.M., & Brown, D.L. (2010). Body image assessment: a review of figural drawing scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(2), 107-111. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.017
Garner, D.M., & Garfinkel, P.E. (1981). Body image in anorexia nervosa: measurement theory and clinical implications. International Journal of Psychiatry and Medicine, 11(3), 263-284.
Gómez, G., Granados, A., Jáuregui, J., Pineda, G., & Tafoya, S.A. (2000). Un instrumento para medir imagen corporal: versión computarizada y de papel y lápiz. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 17 (1), 89-99.
Grogan, S. (2008). Body image: understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. London, U.K.: Routledge.
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (2016). Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016 (ENSANUT 2016). Cuernavaca, México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.
Kaufer-Horwitz, M., Martínez, J., Goti-Rodríguez, L.M., & Ávila-Rosas, H. (2006). Association between measured BMI and self perceived body size in Mexican adults. Annals of Human Biology, 33(5-6), 536-545. doi:10.1080/03014460600909281
Keshtkar, A., Semnani, S., Pourshams, A., Khademi, H., Roshandel, G., Boffetta, P., & Malekzadeh, R. (2010). Pictogram use was validated for estimating individual's body mass index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(6), 655-659. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.014
Lim, W., Thomas, K.S., Bardwell, W.A., & Dimsdale, J.E. (2008). Which measures of obesity are related to depressive symptoms and in whom? Psychosomatics, 49(1), 23-28. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.49.1.23
López, G.F., Díaz, A., & Smith, L. (2018). Análisis de imagen corporal y obesidad mediante las siluetas de Stunkard en niños y adolescentes españoles de 3 a 18 años. Anales de Psicología, 34(1), 167-172. doi: 10.6018/analesps.34.1.294781
Mond, J., Van den Berg, P.A., Boutelle, K., Hannan, P., & Neumar-, D. (2011). Obesity, body dissatisfaction, and emotional well-being in early and late adolescence: findings from the project EAT study. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(4), 373–378. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth .2010.07.022
Muñoz-, F., Zueck-, M.C., Blanco, J.R., Chávez, A, & Jasso, J. (2014). Body image perception of Mexican youth: a gender comparison, Education Journal, 3(5), 261-265. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20140305.11
Nikniaz, Z., Mahdavi, R., Amiri, S. Ostadrahimi, A., & Nikniaz, L. (2016). Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction and distortion among Iranian women. Eating Behaviors, 22, 5-9. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.018
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development [OCDE] (2014). Dataset: non-medical determinants of health: body weight. Recuperado de http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_STAT
Pétré, B., Scheen, A.J., Ziegler, O., Donneau, A.F., Dardenne, N., Husson, E… & Guillaume, M. (2016). Body image discrepancy and subjective norm as mediators and moderators of the relationship between body mass index and quality of life. Patient Preference and Adherence, 10, 2261–2270. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S112639
Pull, C.B., & Aguayo, G.A. (2011). Assessment of body image perception and attitudes in obesity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24(1), 41-48. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328341418c
Quetelet, A. L. J. (1871). Anthropométrie, ou Mesure des différentes facultés de l'homme. Bruxelles: C. Muquardt.
Ramos, P., Pérez de Eulate, L., Liberal, S., & Latorre, M. (2003). La imagen corporal en relación con los TCA en adolescentes vascos de 12 a 18 años. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 15-16, 65-74.
Sánchez, P.A., Pulido, J.J., Sánchez, D., Amado, D., & Miguel, F. (2018). The importance of body satisfaction to physical self-concept and body mass index in Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 1-9. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12488
Sansone, M.A., Wiederman, M.W., & Monteith, D. (2001). Obesity, borderline personality and body image among women in a psychiatric outpatient setting. International Journal of Eating Disorder, 29(1), 76-79. doi:10.1002/1098-108X(200101)29:1<76::AID-EAT12>3.0.CO;2-O
Sarwer, D.B., Thompson, J.K., & Cash T.F. (2005). Body image and obesity in adulthood. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 28(1), 69-87. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2004.09.002
Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología (2007). Código ético del psicólogo (4ª edición). México, DF: Editorial Trillas.
Stice, E., & Shaw, H.E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology. A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53 (5), 985-993. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
Stunkard, A., Sorensen, T., & Schulsinger, F. (1983). Use of the Danish adoption register for the study of obesity and thinness. In S. Kety, L. Roland, R. Sidman, & S. Matthysse (Eds.), The genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders (pp. 115–120). New York, Raven Press.
Sutcliffe, C.G., Schultz, K., Brannock, J.M., Giardiello, F.M., & Platz, E.A. (2015). Do people know whether they are overweight? Concordance of self-reported, interviewer-observed, and measured body size. Cancer Causes Control, 26(1), 91-98. doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0487-y
Sypeck, M.F., Gray, J.J., & Ahrens, A.H. (2004). No longer just a pretty face: fashion magazines’ depictions of ideal female beauty from 1959 to 1999. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(3), 342-347. doi:10.1002/eat.20039
Thompson, M.A., & Gray, J.J. (1995).Development and validation of a new body-image assessment scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(2), 258-269. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6402_6
Trejo, P.M., Castro, D., Facio, A., Mollinedo, F.E., & Valdez, I.G. (2010). Dissatisfaction with de body shape associated to the body mass index in adolescents. Revista Cubana de Enfermería, 26(3), 144-154. http://www.bvs.sld.cu/revistas/enf/vol26_3_10/enf07310.pdf
Wardle, J., & Cooke, L. (2005). The impact of obesity on psychological well-being. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19(3), 421-440. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006
World Health Organisation (2014). Obesity and overweight. Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html (accessed on March 25, 2016)
Zanjani, Z., & Goodarzi, M.A. (2007). Reliability and validity of Figure Rating Scale in Shiraz students. Mental Health Principles, 10(2), 149-155.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista de Psicología y Ciencias del Comportamiento de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Those authors who have publications with the Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences of the Academic Unit of Legal and Social Sciences, accept the following terms:
a. The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the journal the right to first publish their work, which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License. which allows third parties to share the work as long as its author and his first publication are indicated this journal.
b. Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the version of the published work (e.g., deposit it in an institutional telematic archive or publish it in a monographic volume) provided that the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
C. Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through personal communication (e.g. colleagues) before and during the submission process, for purposes of feedback or enrichment of the work, which can produce interesting exchanges
